A Solution For Homelessness - 1646 Words

A Solution for Homelessness AnaHita Khosroabadi Lonestar College System: Cy-Fair. A Solution for Homelessness Homelessness has been a prevalent and contentious topic since its public emergence in the 1980’s. In fact, according to the most recent estimates, on any given night in the United States, there are roughly 645,000 people residing in homeless shelters or unsheltered street locations (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2011). And based on a local study done by the Mental Health Unit at the Houston Police Department in 2011, Houston has the largest homeless population in Texas and the eighth largest in the United States. While many great efforts have been put forth to aid the homeless population in Houston, â€Å"the public health epidemiology task of quantifying and tracking child and family homelessness over time has been complicated†¦by increasing rates of†¦shortages [in] affordable housing† (Grant et al., 2013), and restrictions on temporary encampments (Loftus-Ferren, 2013). In order to successfully reduce, prevent and combat homelessness, m ore policies must be put in place to create sustainable, affordable housing for homeless families and to modify current laws that harm homeless individuals. Family homelessness, accompanied by increased rates of unemployment and absence of affordable housing, developed as a major social and public health problem in the 1980’s. This was largely due to â€Å"economic conditions inShow MoreRelatedHomelessness : The Logical Solution1246 Words   |  5 PagesGrowth Homelessness: The Logical Solution Abstract: Homelessness is an issue, which plagues millions of Americans on a daily-basis. The current mainstream method of dealing with this issue has proven to be inefficient and extremely expensive, a burden which is passed onto society, despite the plethora of alternative methods which have a proven success rate and also have a much larger cost when compared to that associated with general homelessness in the country. Introduction: Homelessness in NewRead MoreSolution Of Homelessness In Canada1102 Words   |  5 Pagespeople were homeless in the United States on one given night in January 2016. The Canadian Observatory on Homelessness reported that 35,000 people were homeless in Canada around the same time and that at least 235,000 Canadians experience homelessness at some point in a year (Gaetz et al., 2016). Although both the U.S. and Canada have made some effort toward reducing and ending homelessness, it clearly still remains a serious problem in both countries. While some communities, such as New OrleansRead MoreLandfills: A Solution to Homelessness?546 Words   |  2 PagesHomelessness is an issue in American society today that affects anywhere from 800,000 to 3.5 million people. There are a substantial amount of people that are without shelter, food, or employment, and there are numerous other people affected by poverty and homelessness. People living in nearly every city in the United States are affected by homelessness due to the large amounts of homeless individuals living on the streets and begging for money, food, and other necessities. The issue of homelessnessRead More Solutions To Homelessness Essay1833 Words   |  8 PagesSolutions for Homelessness This great nation of awesome power and abundant resources is losing the battle against homelessness. The casualties can be seen on the street corners of every city in American holding an ?I will work for food? sign. Homeless shelters and rescue missions are at full capacity. There is no room at the inn for the nation?s indigent. Anyone who has studied this issue understands that homelessness is a complex problem. Communities continue to struggle with this socio-economicRead MoreSolution Essay On Homelessness1950 Words   |  8 PagesChenjie Chai Ms. Milliner EES21QH-01 June 1, 2017 Solution Essay Homelessness is one of the oldest problems in the world, In the United States, where one of the world s highest GDPs, one night in January 2013, more than 610,000 people are homeless and almost a quarter are children under the age of 18. One way to solve the more innovative is to build permanent housing, people can stay free of charge. If there is not a safe place, the medical cap will provide free housing for anyone who mustRead MoreAn Evaluation Of The Government Solution On Homelessness Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pages An evaluation of the government solution on homelessness Family is such a simple word and many people take their own family and home for granted. However, Australian society still has people, who can not enjoy the advantage of a family life, and do not have shelter. On census night in 2011, 17% in every 10,000 people were estimated to be homeless. The present situation is, 39% of the homeless people live in overcrowded houses and approximately 20% people live in supported houses (ABS 2012). TheRead MoreA SOLUTION TO HOMELESSNESS IN CANADA Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Lee Tunstall, homelessness is a social problem that â€Å"has been growing since the 1970’s† (2009, para.1) and has caught the attention of both the Canadian government and the general public (Tunstall, 2009) . Predominantly, the homeless are individuals or families with no permanent  residence who also lack the resources or abilities necessary to arrange for their own adequate housing and living (Stearman, 2010). This matter affects a diverse demographic of the Canadian public. In 2003, theRead MoreProblem Solution Homelessness Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness the Problems of America Homelessness has always been a problem in major cities across the United States and even the world. This problem also affects out local community and even all of us individually. (Daily) A majority of the American people lives paycheck to paycheck, and according to statistics, we are only one or two paychecks away from becoming homeless. While there are many reasons a person or family can become homeless, a majority of those problems come from a lack ofRead MoreEssay about Solutions to Homelessness1875 Words   |  8 PagesSolutions for Homelessness This great nation of awesome power and abundant resources is losing the battle against homelessness. The casualties can be seen on the street corners of every city in American holding an I will work for food sign. Homeless shelters and rescue missions are at full capacity. There is no room at the inn for the nations indigent. Anyone who has studied this issue understands that homelessness is a complex problem. Communities continue to struggle with this socio-economicRead MoreHomelessness And The Tampa Bay Area1234 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness is a prevalent social issue that many countries are trying to resolve. One area that has a high rate of homelessness is the Tampa Bay Area in Florida. According to a homeless count carried out by the Tampa Hillsborough Homeless Initiative (THHI) in 2016, in Hillsborough County alone, there are, â€Å"at least 1,817 homeless men, women, and children† who have to resort to unorthodox housing, such as spaces behind buildings, encampments, sidewalks, and cars (â€Å"About Homelessness†). Moreover

Is Art Is Not Full Proof - 2717 Words

This method of using these components to decide what is art is not full proof; there may be exceptions to the established criteria. But this is not a unique problem to art; there are exceptions in any field you look at. For example, in the rules of writing and spelling almost every language has exceptions to the general rules of how the language works. However, society still values these rules and finds them useful. The same is true with art. We can make general rules as long as we acknowledge the exceptions and as long as there are not too many of them. The subjectivity of these exceptions, however, seems to be what keeps many from committing to this theory. People want clear cut answers to the question what is considered art. They want†¦show more content†¦Human creativity is one of the basic elements of art. Our creativity is one of the things that set us apart from animals. This is the broadest of the three components to the definition of what is art. For something to be considered art there has to be a creative aspect to it. Even though this is a very broad topic, we can still narrow down the list of things that are potentially art. We can eliminate reproductions of art, as art. An example of this is the Mona Lisa. While the Mona Lisa is undoubtedly art, pictures of the Mona Lisa, or reproductions of it are not are because they do not have a creative component to them. While they are pictures of art I would not consider them to be art, because they are merely copies of the original piece of art. There is no significant difference between the pictures and the original work of art. While one can consider the pictures to be authentic replications of the Mona Lisa that does not make them art. One common rebuttal to this theory is that, because it is the same image and that there are some creative aspects to taking the picture that it is art. However, this is not art, because the new artist did not implement their own significant creative twist. Because of this distinction we can also rule forgeries out as pieces of art. Forgeries, or items that are being passed off as an originals, are not art because they have stolen someone else’s work. They did not come up with it on their own, but instead took someone

Impact of Cross-Cultural Differences Free-Samples for Students

Question: How Cultural Differences Impact on Managerial Problem Solving and Decision Making. Answer: Cultural differences come about as a result of the inheritance of values, concepts as well as ways of living that people of a common background share. People acquire most of their cultures during childhood, before puberty. Research has shown that human beings have a great ability to absorb cultural norms from their locality at an early age. However, adults who belong to another culture can also adapt to other cultures during their lifetime and operate smoothly in foreign lands. Culture can work at national level, organizational level, occupational level, and gender level. In the todays globalized world, managers in the multi-cultural global business society must learn to manage employees from diverse backgrounds to be able to make the right decisions. This paper relies on findings by Geert Hofstede and other established researchers to illustrate how cultural differences in the present globalized organizations impact on managerial problem solving and decision making. To limit the scop e of this research, it will focus on ways of analyzing the impact of cross-cultural differences in managerial problem solving and decision making. The first way of analyzing cross-cultural differences and their impact on managerial problem solving and decision making is time focus. Depending on the tradition and history of cultures, time is viewed differently in all cultures. Researchers have distinguished two major time systems, which are polychromic and monochromic. In a culture where polychronic time system is embraced, most people always focus on multiple tasks but rely less on detailed information. Besides, their schedules are always open to change as they consider that people take priority over schedules (Parker, 2006; Hall Hall, 2012). On the other hand, in cultures where monochromic timing is adhered to, people use time in a linear way. They perform a single activity at a time whiling following a pre-set schedule. The focus of managers who operate in these cultures is information rather than people. The difference in what matters to these individuals directly influences how and when they solve problems and the type of decisions that their perception of time can allow them to make (A conversation with Geert Hofstede, 1993; Kwa?niewska et al., 2014). Other than monochromic and polychromic time focus, time orientation also determines the impact of cross-cultural differences in managerial problem solving and decision making (Lovett Forbus, 2011). While some cultures are more concerned with past events, some others are concerned with either present or future events. Cultures that focus on past events value plans that are in sync with the traditions and history of organizations. These cultures are interested in short-time gain. Visionary managers are concerned about long-term benefits. Countries like Iran, India, and the Far East operate in a culture that is oriented towards the past (A conversation with Geert Hofstede 1993). However, others such as the urban US culture are oriented towards both the present and the short-time future. Some cultures such as that of Latin America are oriented towards the past and the present. Savvy managers who work for past oriented organizations put great empathize on traditions, and they build on them long-term strategic plans. Future-oriented organizations, on the other hand, value employees who focus on the future, and not the past (Hall Hall, 2012). Power is another way of analyzing and understanding other cultures. Hofstede (1993) studied the belief that organizational power ought to be distributed unevenly and discovered this concept. He found out that a higher power distance shows that hierarchy is properly established and executed in the community. A lower index, on the other hand, shows that question authority and make serious attempts to distribute power (Bowman, 2007). In cultures that are oriented to hierarchy, managers put great emphasis on the level of power. The managers duty is to take decisions and distribute the work to his subjects. The employees, in turn, implement these directions (Atuahene?Gima Wei, 2011). Further, in certain cultures, inequality is accepted, and any attempt to change the situation is not welcome. In those cultures where inequality is considered unacceptable, reforms can be embraced with relative ease (de Mast Lokkerbol, 2012). Although equality oriented cultures exist to facilitate relations within the workplace, they do not emphasize hierarchy. In these particular scenarios, managers themselves take an active role in the work, and their main role is not simply to give directions (Bazerman Moore, 2013). Additionally, managers do not take the decision alone. Instead, it is done at the level of all employees affected by an issue. While this research focuses on the impact of cross-cultural differences on managerial problem solving and decision making, it is apparent that some cultures especially equality oriented cultures, managers play a limited role in solving problems and making decisions. All interested parties come together and make decisions (Hofstede Hofstede, 2010). Competitiveness and activity are other factors that impact problem-solving and decision-making in these organizations. In a free market, the management may find it easy to promote completion in their organization. Most organizations that encourage competition among employees do so to make them more responsible and more creative. An organization that embraces competition can easily focus on wealth, performance, and ambitions. In other cultures, organizations especially where competition is not valued as much as the good working atmosphere, there is more focus on job satisfaction (de Mast Lokkerbol, 2012). Regarding activity, some companies have doing cultures while others are not. In the case of a doing culture, the management focuses on developing measurable, time-framed actions. On the other hand, being cultures put significant emphasis on the vision the organization endeavors to realize (Kim Grunig, 2011; Livermore, 2009). Both public and private space also plays a critical role in determining how cross-cultural differences influence managerial problem solving and decision making. Research shows that cultures differ in their perception of the available space. A space that some cultures consider private, others may consider public. When it comes to proximity, personal zone, during conversations, cultures differ significantly (Livermore, 2009; Hurn Tomalin, 2013). When a personal zone is compromised, some discomfort is caused to the affected party. In cultures where personal or family matters can be discussed openly, managers have greater access to information on things that affect particular employees (Livermore, 2009). However, in cultures where privacy is very essential, there is an incredibly high formality in business related conversations. Due to such a high formality level, managers have limited access to critical information on the personal issues affected their employees. Consequently, they have difficulty solving some problems and making some critical decisions (Hurn Tomalin, 2013). High-context and low-context communications also play a major role in this management context. Foremost, the term context has been defined as the surrounding circumstances in which communication takes place. According to Hall and Hall (2012), who provided this definition, there is a clear distinction between low context and high context. They made the distinction between these two concepts clear by stating that a high context communication refers to a message that is already present in the individual (Atuahene?Gima Wei, 2011). However, there is little information is accessible in the coded, explicit, transmitted section. They also defined a low context communication as one in which a significant amount of the information is held in the explicit code. A great illustration of the application of the two concepts is found in Japan and the US context. Japan is viewed as a high context country since information is not well understood in the text. The US, on the other hand, is viewed as a low context country as the information is granted clearly (Maude, 2011). Individuals in low-context and high-context cultures embrace different communication styles. The latter commonly use the less direct styles. For that reasons, they are less explicit is putting cross their feelings, intentions, and desires when communicating verbally. People in the low-context culture, for example, the US, are less likely to conceal their intentions, desires, and feelings when communicating verbally (A conversation with Geert Hofstede 1993; Swearingen, 2013). The culturally normative communication style makes the responsiveness of people to messages that are transmitted and influences the communicators perceptions. In effect, this means it influences hiring decisions. Human resource managers in low-context cultures are highly likely to hire somewhat aggressive and assertive applicants. However, in high-context cultures, the reverse pattern is observed (Bazerman Moore, 2013). Individualism and collectivism structures also impact on these managerial roles. This word structure point to organizational structures that exist in business. Cultures that embrace individualism emphasize on the individual over the group. Hofstede noted that the individual is emphasized in some cultures than others. Those that do not emphasize the individual do so to the group. The in-groups work together and support each other when problems arise in another in-group (A conversation with Geert Hofstede 1993). Individualist cultures require individuals to be more self-reliant and do not find a major reason for people to resort to groups. Collectivism, on the other hand, refers to the practice of sharing values of the group in instances where the groups interests outweigh the interests of the individual. Clearly, collectivism and individualism are two opposite concepts (A conversation with Geert Hofstede 1993). Individualism and collectivism are another main discovery of Hofstede. He ranked the United States number one in individualism. This sociologist found that most parents in the U.S bring up their children on self-reliance. These children have been raised to voice their unique opinions and ideas. When it come to their college study and job choices, American children are responsible for their choices (Hofstede Hofstede, 2010). In some cultures, such as the one in Japan, the society puts great emphasis on the group approach to all aspects of their life. The research as established that the Malaysians and Chinese also put emphasis on the group approach and the family. The possible impact of cultures that value individualism is a high number of independent managers as well as employees who demonstrate responsibility towards what they can execute and lead to creativity. Cultures that value collectivism can produce many managers who tend to delegate a lot of authority to other employees. In the case of the former concept, people who have difficulty doing well at work may have no one to help them, and then that increases their chances of getting sacked. In the latter, leadership task can be taken over by people who have no ability to deliver the best results (Swearingen, 2013; Wood et. al., 2009). Peer Pressure also work closely with individualism and collectivism. Peer pressure has a greater effect in individuals in collectivist cultures. In line with the dictates of collectivist culture, Chinese students, for example, have greater chances than Italian students to decide to eat in a fast food restaurant contingent in their societys norms. They are less likely to make choices that give preeminence to personal attitudes (Swearingen, 2013). Nevertheless, this unusual trait is exhibited more when they decide to eat with their friends than when they plan to eat alone. In the latter context, these students are more likely to act contingent on their feelings. This scenario depicts what happens for managers in these cultures when peer pressure is involved. When some managers make a decision that appears to promote collectivist culture, other managers are bound to follow suit (Swearingen, 2013). Differences in values and philosophies also have a significant influence on the managerial duties. The difference between occidental and oriental philosophies results into variances in both beliefs and values that can demonstrate how different cultures influence organizations. Occidental philosophies are popular for their extensive use of analytical thinking, a methodical approach of breaking complex problems in their constituent parts then identifying the cause and effect patterns of each of these parts. For instance, this hypothesis indicates that the way cultures build and build their health care systems culturally determined attitudes such as gender roles and age (Sye, 2005; Wood et. al., 2009). Oriental philosophies put great emphasis on holism. This concept suggests that the parts alone of cannot help in determining and explaining the properties of a particular system. Oriental cultures provide that age is a sign of wisdom, people should mind whatever they do without focusing on the outcome, and women are good at executing some duties. Other than differences in beliefs and philosophies, priming also plays a major role in this sphere. Research suggests that exposure to various elements of the social world shapes thinking and decision making (Kaye Eid, 2003; Abeto, 2010). When people are exposed to these elements in a way that take place below intention or awareness, they learn the stereotypes that with time begin to influence their decisions from shared schematic representations in given cultures. Managers who are primed with certain concepts, in most cases by an instruction to think about it, the relevant information become activated in them, and that consequently influences their decisions. One way to illustrate this is an individual who has been directed to underline all first person pronouns in an article is primed with the idea of collectivism. He will consequently begin to make decisions by the values of this concept that he has been primed with (Abeto, 2010; Kaye Eid, 2003). Pressure to provide reasons for a particular decision or action also influences the decision and leadership style of these managers. Research shows that when people are required to give reasons for their decision, cultural knowledge is recruited. At this moment, an information-processing strategy that depends on the top-down application of norms is evoked. This finding can be explained by the theory that people feel the pressure to conform to their cultural norms whenever they are asked to defend their decision (Miroshnik, 2013). The rationale behind this is that they do not want to appear to be outsiders. This pressure, however, does not apply when people are not asked to support their choices. In this case, some people choose to rely on their personal knowledge. Chinese managers are an example of individuals who research has shown to be the less little lot to compromise when not asked to defend their decision (Sye, 2005). On the other hand, when they are not accountable to provide an explanation, American belongs to the group of people who are more likely to compromise on the cultural convictions (Miroshnik, 2013). Therefore, when American managers are making the managerial decision in an environment where there is no such pressure, they ignore cultural ties. However, when there is the pressure, they abide with their cultural beliefs. Conclusion Cultural differences have an impact on managerial problem solving and decision making. Culture determines how these managers think, make decisions, and would like to be viewed in public. However, it is clear that for cross-multination corporations to succeed, they require not only cross-cultural communication but also mutual respect and effective leadership. Successful managers who operate in these organizations use effective cross-cultural teams provide innovative thinking to improve the competitive position of their organizations and sort out potential communication problems. Since multi-cultural projects are becoming the norm in the todays globalized world, project managers need to be culturally sensitive. References A conversation with Geert Hofstede. (1993). Organizational Dynamics, 21(4), 53-61. doi:10.1016/0090-2616(93)90033-w Abeto, M. N. (2010). Financial Analysis and Risk Assessment of Grouper Cage Culture Systems in Negros Occidental. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, 4(1). doi:10.7719/jpair.v4i1.111 Atuahene?Gima, K., Wei, Y. (2011). The Vital Role of Problem?Solving Competence in New Product Success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(1), 81-98. Bazerman, M.H. Moore, D.A. (2013). Judgment in Managerial Decision Making, 8th edition. USA, John Wiley Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-06570-9 Bowman, K. (2007). Understanding and Respecting Cultural Differences. Palliative Care, 206-219. doi:10.1016/b978-141602597-9.10015-8 de Mast, J., Lokkerbol, J. (2012). An analysis of the Six Sigma DMAIC method from the perspective of problem solving. International Journal of Production Economics, 139(2), 604-614. Hall, E. T., Hall, M. R. (2012). Understanding cultural differences:. Boston, MA: Intercultural Press. Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J. (2010). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Hurn, B. J., Tomalin, B. (2013). Teaching Cross-Cultural Communication. Cross-Cultural Communication, 274-293. doi:10.1057/9780230391147_15 Kaye, A. S., Eid, M. (2003). The World of Obituaries: Gender across Cultures and over Time. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 123(4), 919. doi:10.2307/3590004 Kim, J.-N. Grunig, J.E. (2011). Problem Solving and Communicative Action: A Situational Theory of Problem Solving. Journal of Communication, 61(1), 120149. Kwa?niewska, A., Thomas, K., Baker, R. (2014). Are there cross-cultural differences in emotional processing and social problem-solving? Polish Psychological Bulletin, 45(2). doi:10.2478/ppb-2014-0026 Livermore, D. A. (2009). Cultural intelligence: improving your CQ to engage our multicultural world. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. Lovett, A., Forbus, K. (2011). Cultural commonalities and differences in spatial problem-solving: A computational analysis. Cognition, 121(2), 281-287. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2011.06.012 Maude, B. (2011). Developing cross-cultural skills. Managing Cross-Cultural Communication, 205-233. doi:10.1007/978-0-230-34595-9_8 Miroshnik, V. W. (2013). Organizational Culture and Commitment. Organizational Culture and Commitment, 10-36. doi:10.1057/9781137361639_2 Parker, C. (2006). The thinkers 50: the world's most influential business writers and leaders. Westport, CT: Praeger . Swearingen, C. L. (2013). Social Loafing. The Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1205-1207. doi:10.1002/9781118339893.wbeccp502 Sye, G.L. (2005). Its still not a problem: Systematic problem solving for business. Soarent Pty Ltd, Queensland. Wood, R., Cogin, J. Beckman, J. (2009). Managerial problem solving: Frameworks, tools, techniques. McGraw-Hill, Australia

“The Wifes Lament” Summary and Analysis free essay sample

The Wife’s Lament The poem The Wife’s Lament is known very well within the Anglo Saxon elegy, although to this day, this challenges some scholars to be, in fact, a riddle. However, The Wife’s Lament is an elegy that is being told from a female narrator mourning for her husband and reflecting on her loss. This shares the same characteristics as an elegy, this includes the passing time, exile, longing, separation, and pain. This poem has been characterized as a riddle, That the narrator displays an element of mystery in his/her writing. Most Anglo Saxon elegies are monologues spoken by an undefined character that is cut off from human society, friends, family, and the comfort of their own home. Losing her importance and role in society by exile, as well as her sense of belonging, therefore, she experiences loneliness throughout the passing of time, wishing she would get a life of happiness she had once known. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The Wifes Lament† Summary and Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This allows us the reader the feel the aching of absence, separation, and longing using vivid imagery. Though Faye Walker Pelkey, a literary scholar, has pointed out that the poem has â€Å"riddle-like flavor† (Making The Wife’s Lament possible one of the more perfect Anglo Saxon riddle ever written), this remains an expressive, complex, and emotional Anglo-Saxon elegy with the consistent tone of longing. She didn’t deserve what she was handed per se because, she was exiled by her husband, her, and her happy lifestyle. The husband should not have done as he did but he allowed this to happen to leave her lonely for the rest of her life. However, she stayed strong and continued to believe her husband cared and loved her even after everything had gone on. She is also left in agony due to her lord being in a cold, dark desolate place. This was a tense poem with some pithy to the story of this woman that has some metaphorical context. Anglo Saxon poems are meant to have sorrow to allow the person to feel the emotion of the story. She was exiled by her husband and because of her lord forsook his people. Her husband allowed this to happen to her which he should not have put in this time period this was their way of punishments. This poem was one if not the best riddles of the Anglo Saxon elegy displaying a lot of mystery from her story she has told.

Nationalists Essays - Politics, Indian People, South Africa

Nationalists Nationalists The extent to which Nationalists should pursue their goals is a complex issue. The possible changes as well as the losses must be weighed. There is a myriad of complex issues surrounding the situation. Without Nationalists making changes, Italy would not be unified, Apartheid would still exist in South Africa, and many other changes would not have occurred on this planet. I believe that Nationalists should try to solve their problems and get what they want without using violence as a tool. Guseppe Mazzini was a major factor in the unification of Italy. He started his fight for unity with non-violent means. He tried wearing black clothing to mourn the persecuted, and he attempted to educate the people about the dangers of foreign rule in Italy. Gradually however he escalated to more violent means of getting his way. He stirred feelings of Nationalism, brotherhood and religion. In 1848 he started a revolution in Rome. The Pope was forced to flee the city, and Mazzini established a Roman Republic. The entire republic was built upon the one-time rage of the masses. Mazzini simply stirred the emotions of the people, but they didnt really feel that strongly about it. The population of Rome didnt care enough to fight for the retention of the city. The French were easily able to re-take the city, and return it to the Pope. Mahatma Gandhi represents the other side of the spectrum, throughout his life he used only non-violent means to get what he wanted. His main goal was to get Moslems and Hindus to live peacefully together. He was quoted as saying All religions are almost as dear to me as my Hinduism. One instance of his attempts to use non-violent means to accomplish his goal was his two hundred and thirty-kilometer march to the ocean in order to extract salt illegally. This was in protest of Britains salt monopoly in India. Other non-violent acts that he used as tools to persuade the government to listen to his goals were his six to twenty-one day fasts. At one time Gandhi used a fast to force his release from prison. The prison would have been held responsible for his death and would have major pressure put on it to close down. Gandhi had become such a hero to the population that, if the government allowed him to die due to starvation, he would become a martyr. The South African freedom fighter Nelson Mandella is another testimony to the ability to use non-violent methods in order to fight for Nationality. He wanted to do away with apartheid in the area. In 1952 he helped to organize the Nonviolent Defiance Campaign. This was obviously nonviolent in nature, and was an extremely helpful tool in the abolition of apartheid. In 1964 he was tried for treason, and received a sentence of life imprisonment. He was released in 1988, and ran for Prime Minister of South Africa, and won. His struggle came to represent the goal of freedom for Blacks in South Africa. He accomplished all of this without using any violence at all. Each of the preceding Nationalists success was based on the violence that was used in their quests. If someone fights for what they believe in, using violence as a tool they will fail. The people supporting him will want his leadership simply because he is strong, not smart. The masses will lose support of their leader as soon as they realize that he is not as strong as they think. The only right way to go about nationalism is using nonviolent techniques. The ends do not justify the means. Tavis Dowling

7 Essential Excel Tricks Everyone Needs to Know [Infographic]

7 Essential Excel Tricks Everyone Needs to Know [Infographic] Excel is an incredibly valuable tool. If used properly, excel can make you incredibly productive. Here are 7 excel tricks that you can use in order to be more productive in your every day life. Source: [CreativeCommons]

Technology in our everyday life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology in our everyday life - Essay Example If someone from the last century, or even the fifties, were to be picked up and dropped smack in the middle of any modern city today, they would surely feel what a science fiction film viewer would, albeit a higher degree of shock. I think life today has become a hodge-podge of gadgetry and mad science. We use something fantastically gimmicky for nearly everything we do: we swipe our fingers over sleek slabs of glass and aluminum to communicate with each other; we laugh or smile or cry while we stare at luminous surfaces of yet more slates of cool metal; and, we gain access into buildings by speaking magic words into the air. This is exactly what it would seem like to someone who had never come across a touch-screen phone, a personal computing tablet or modern-day voice recognition technology. It is often seen that one type of technology, out of a freak chance, may behave erratically in the presence of other appliances. I would quote the example of mobile phone interference. Mobile c ommunication technology, while one of the greatest breakthroughs of science is considered dangerous and hence prohibited for use on aircraft or in gas stations! The mobile signals responsible for carrying voice and data may interfere with an aircraft’s sensitive navigational equipment and can cause a spark enough to ignite gasoline fumes. Furthermore, they must not be brought into close proximity with pacemakers and medical equipment.

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Plan - Essay Example 34). From this reason very few people can find time for workouts and many do not have time to analyze dietetically the right kind of foods to eat and even the right proportions take. The young, the old and even the sportsmen do not adore exercising. According to Jacksack (1998) this is a business plan that intends to invest on these old, young and sportsmen who cannot find the best stores that offer dietetic guidance above the food they take (p. 78). Business Details This is a retail store that seek to venture into selling food to the people just like other known retail; stores however, this one goes further to provide nutritional and dietetic counseling which is significant part of everyone’s life. This is not merely a simple retail store like Tesco, Waitrose or Sainsbury but a retail store for health aware people. There will be professional nutritionists readily available and guiding the customers on the advantages and disadvantages of the product for their body type or the body type they intend to attain. Key Personnel This retail store company has already picked a small team of professionals with extensive retail store management skills and experience. Above all, a team of nutritionists, computer experts, and sales team are part of the invaluable resource to the Retail Store business. As a matter of fact, every successful company needs combined professionals who have all it takes to take the company to the next level (Harmer & Peck, 1999, 2002-2004, p. 63). Vision The vision of this retail store is to ensure that people who desire to maintain their body weight dietetically will have a chance to do so by purchasing reliable food at the retail shop. This will be effective due to the fact that the customers targeted will be people who need to get valuable information about their health condition or eating proportions and patterns (Bishop, 1992, p. 46). Over and above any person suffering from diabetes, cancer, obesity, cancer and hear related ailments w ill find this retail store a must be for their food and nutritional advice. Business idea This business idea originated from the fact that in the present day, many people have busy schedules that involve dealing with a lot of life problems. Everybody is struggling to get money and finding easy ways to get money or even job opportunities. As this happens, very few people can find time to check on their weight, their feeding patterns thus leave only the desire to eat and fill their stomach or satisfying the taste. The idea that many old people including young people and even athletes find it hard to exercise or eat healthy, creates a need to satisfy them. Business goals This is a business idea that seeks to articulate the needs of health conscious people where dieticians will be present to guide the customers in the kind of food they eat (Blakney & Sekely, 1994, p. 67). This retail store business intends to create profit from selling high quality food to deserving people in UK. This b usiness intends to change the way retail stores in UK and worldwide do business by adding a significant factor in retail store business. What the business does This retail store business entails selling food to customers in UK. Above all, the retail store business will entail providing nutritional guidance by nutritional and dietetic experts trained to offer guiding principles regarding healthy

Tahiti Tourism IMC Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tahiti Tourism IMC Plan - Assignment Example A viable IMC plan needs to take into consideration the existing and upcoming competitors (Porter 1980). At present, going by the global economic meltdown, the Tahitian tourism industry has been hit hard and is facing a slump like situation. With a majority of the tourist arrivals at Tahiti, hailing from the US, the local tourism and leisure industry has proven more then vulnerable to the recessionary international trends. In the existing scenario, the more affluent and resource rich tourist destinations are resorting to aggressive and proactive marketing strategies. In addition, the upcoming competitors like the Middle East and Africa are continually increasing their share in the tourism industry by posing a cutthroat competition. The target segments have already been identified. All the digital and print media efforts are to be oriented around young singles, young married couples and post parenthood families in the US and France in general and in New Zealand and Australia in particular. The advertising efforts will tend to educate the target customers about the uniqueness of Tahiti in terms of pristine locations, variegated tourist activities, economical accommodation and food and affordability. The advertising campaigns will peculiarly target the urban customers in Australia. The media campaigns will stress on perceiving leisure as being a sound and affordable emotional investment rather then being a costly luxury (Ray 1982). The media strategy wil... MEDIA STRATEGY The media strategy will be broad based, involving both the online channels like the internet, blogs, emails and podcast and the offline channels like the print media, television, radio, public relations, etc. The strategy will be immaculately profile matched to hit the target segment (Freeman 1999). The crux of the media strategy will be to bolster the image of Tahiti as being a desirable and affordable tourist destination. The connectivity of the campaign with the target is bound to encourage a trial purchase and an eventual brand loyalty. The campaign will especially focus on the trendsetting areas like the urban markets and state capitals. CREATIVE PLAN The plan is to communicate to the target audience that Tahiti is an excellent tourist destination that is almost immune to the altering economic and political trends (Peckham 1975). An excellent destination, which has something for everybody, regardless of one's age, family status or budgetary constraints. The advertisements will show young, attractive couples and happy, middle class families having a good time at Tahiti. The strategically contrived frames will enable the audience to contrast the positive aspects of Tahiti with the over crowdedness and high prices at other tourist destinations. The slogan: "Tahiti, a home you can always come to" will project Tahiti as an affordable and soothing destination. MEDIA SELECTION RATIONALE Internet is not only a relatively low cost media that offers a high selectivity and multiple interactive possibilities, but studies have also shown that the target audience mostly retrieve the desired information and data using the internet (Davenport & Bech 2000). Going by the large

Rhetorical Analysis of MAC Cosmetics Print Ads

Rhetorical Analysis of MAC Cosmetics Print Ads MAC Cosmetics is a non-traditional makeup line that appeals to middle and upper-class workers who need to be set free to express their true self. MAC is well-known for taking a bold approach to cosmetics, celebrating pop culture and individuality, and promoting makeup as a form of self-expression. In an industry where social appeal, sex appeal and feminine appeal are commonly used by cosmetic companies to emphasize the notion of looking younger or feeling more attractive through the use of a brands products, MAC defies traditional notions of femininity in its ads, setting themselves apart from other brands. MAC uses non-traditional imagery to advertise its products and elevates its brand as a high-end cosmetic line by limiting sales exclusively through online channels and department stores. With distribution in more than 43 countries worldwide, MAC appeals to a wide range of people, selling more products than any other nondrug store brand, and prides itself on catering to men and wom en, regardless of race or color. MAC is unconventional in its advertising approach and is well-known for being provocative and interesting. At the forefront of the brands message is embracing gender equality, and they are committed to raising awareness and money for gender issues, such as HIV/AIDS and the transgender community, through their charitable organizations. In so doing, MAC uses culture and gender issues as a means to reach their target market, encouraging all ages, all races and all sexes to embrace their personality. At the core of MACs message is creating an environment where people can write their own story, especially through the way they look. As the following advertisements demonstrate, MACs innovative advertising effectiveness relies on bold, often non-traditional imagery and the use of celebrity icons to celebrate individuality through the MAC look, appealing to peoples sense of self-expression and their desire to be beautiful and stand out. In so doing, MAC prese nts themselves as a brand that seeks to empower people and support everyones individuality and creativity. The drive to be unique, to stand out, and to be an individual are all emotions MAC promotes in its advertising. One such example of this can be seen in MACs recent collaboration with Caitlyn Jenner (Figure 1) in which Jenner is the spokesperson for a new MAC Cosmetics lipstick, appropriately named Finally Free. The initiative is an effort to help the transgender community, with 100% of the proceeds going to the MAC Aids Fund Transgender charity. By acknowledging the transgender community in its advertising, MAC communicates they are a tolerant, open-minded brand that supports diversity and inner beauty. This notion coincides with MACs mission statement: All Races, All Sexes, All Ages. Feeling comfortable in ones own skin is what gives an individual their sense of beauty. Being able to bring out inner beauty for the world to see, no matter what a persons gender, promotes the Finally Free slogan. The Caitlyn Jenner collection represents Caitlyns mission of sharing her transition with t he world, championing All Ages, All Races and All Sexes. The purpose of this ad is to inspire people to buy MACs product while encouraging them to embrace life, in whatever form they choose. This ad makes an ethical appeal to those who support the gay and transgender community by donating funds to MACs charitable cause, and due to Caitlyn Jenners celebrity status, MAC has successfully invoked an even larger audience by reaching the fans of this well-known celebrity figure. The decision to use Caitlyn Jenner as a MAC spokesperson represents the notion that beauty is found not only on the outside, as many cosmetic companies limit their focus to, but rather is both on the inside and outside. Jenner demonstrates that beauty is ageless and in order to project beauty, people need to love their inner self. MACs decision to sign a transgender celebrity that is also over 65 years old, sends the message that age doesnt have to be a defining factor in how beauty is perceived. MAC is famous for its celebrity collaboration collections, and this is especially true with MACs VIVA GLAM line (Figure 2), the first of MACs cosmetic products marketed to raise money for AIDS. Begun in 1994 during a time when other makeup companies were using famous supermodels as the faces of their advertising campaigns, MAC chose to go the unconventional route. Featuring notorious drag queen RuPaul as their first VIVA GLAM spokesperson, the VIVA GLAM ads included the tagline, We wont look down on you, and we wont intimidate you, because we know what it was like to be picked on by the cool kids. And guess what? Now were the cool kids. Since then, advertising of the VIVA GLAM line has featured such celebrities as K.D. Lang, a Canadian lesbian singer, and music legend/AIDS activist, Elton John. More recently MAC has included glamorous celebrities as spokespeople for the VIVA GLAM line, including Cyndi Lauper, Lady Gaga, Rihanna, and Miley Cyrus. While Gaga and Lauper are long-time AI DS advocates, Rihanna is known as a charitable voice for young generations. MAC also enlisted Nicki Minaj and Ricky Martin, daring people to Be Bold, Be Beautiful, Be Safe. These ads have succeeded in positioning MAC as a very hip company, catering to people who are open to accepting gay lifestyles and beliefs, while furthering MACs commitment to HIV and AIDS and promoting safe sex behaviors. The purpose of this ad campaign is to inspire people to buy VIVA GLAM lipstick and promote values of acceptance, diversity and glamour across MACs diverse range of products. By using culture and gender issues as a means to reach MACs target audience, the ads successfully drive demand for their progressive makeup as a form of self-expression. Additionally, the ads utilize bold colors to catch peoples eyes and appeal to their emotions by donating every cent of the selling price of the VIVA GLAM lipstick toward helping women, men and children living with and affected by HIV/AIDS. The VIVA GLAM spo kespeople reflect the cultural narrative of diversity, personal triumph and embracing inner beauty. True to MAC Cosmetics non-traditional use of imagery to advertise its products, MACs Strength Collection (Figure 3) uses the tag line Flex your femininity. Featuring product names such as Posed, Brains and Brawn, Inner Strength and Absolute Power, the strength collection uses a photo of a female body builder, driving home the cultural narrative of inner strength, empowerment and beauty in MACs ads. Choosing to use Jelena Abbou, a Serbian-American competitive body builder and fitness model à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ complete in full makeup and a shiny black gown à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ promotes the idea that men and women are equal. Men are perceived as strong or tough whereas women are considered dainty and fragile. Having a women body builder in MACs ad demonstrates that beauty comes in many different shapes and sizes and that gender doesnt matter. The purpose of the ad is to grab peoples attention through the use of the striking and unusual imagery. The text Strike a powerful pose, stand out an d redefine the notion of beauty, paired with the image of a female body builder further creates interest and contrasts with traditional makeup advertisements used by other brands. By successfully glamorizing Jelena and highlighting her beauty and femininity, MAC contradicts the mainstream idea that women bodybuilders are masculine, thereby furthering the notion of gender equality and inner beauty. The use of a female body builder is a great example of driving home the cultural narrative of inner strength and beauty in MACs ads and demonstrates that beauty comes in many different shapes and sizes. Whereas most cosmetic brands feature idealized images of the female body to sell makeup, MAC contradicts dominant ideas about femininity, focusing instead on the psychological emotions of confidence and self-esteem achieved from inner beauty. In a similar fashion of using striking imagery, MACs Style Warrior ads (Figure 4) were made to celebrate the cross-cultural sophistication of the modern Amazon Princess, African Queen, Crouching Tigressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The ads emphasize makeup as a form of self-expression, promoting a diverse color palette featuring bronzing shades for lips, cheeks, eyes and nails that keep skin looking glowing and radiant. The makeup line is full of bold colors with shades suitable for a wide variety of skin tones. The ads succeed in drawing peoples attention due to the dramatic and non-traditional application of makeup that is almost reminiscent of painted works of art, emphasizing makeup as a form of self-expression. By combining this bold imagery with the bold headline Style Warrior and the subsequent text that describes every woman as having an inner wild thing, MAC suggests that makeup is a great way to embody different aspects of a persons personality. By appealing to peoples need and desire to feel confident and beautiful, MAC succeeds in communicating the idea that buying their product will help to make people be bolder and more glamorous. Building on its philosophy to create makeup for all ages, sexes and races, MAC launched a contest in the fall of 2015 called MACnificent Me. The contest invited MAC fans to submit a photo of themselves, along with a 100-word life mantra, illustrating their style, heart, and soul. From the submissions received, MAC chose six everyday people, including Hispanic, African-American and Asian, to represent the MAC brand, providing each winner with a MAC makeover. The resulting MACnificent Me ad (Figure 5) celebrates diversity and is all about being creative, confident, and true to ones self, encouraging consumers to look beyond model stereotypes and use MAC cosmetics in an individual way. The six unique individuals from all around the world, including men and women, both young and old, all proved to be magnificent in their own way. Challenging the supermodel stereotype traditionally portrayed in cosmetic ads, the MACnificent Me winners consist of a plus size woman, a gay man, and a transge nder woman, to name a few. The cultural narrative is all about finding beauty in the everyday and moving away from traditional mass-produced notions of beauty. MAC succeeds in encouraging everyday people to experiment and see cosmetics as a way to promote individuality. Using names such as Make Me Proud and Its Really Me for its product line, the MACnificent Me campaign serves to define a new beauty standard, in which everyone is beautiful, no matter age, race, nationality or body shape. The cultural narrative of beauty is to make the average woman and even man feel more attractive and more confident. Many people today use cosmetics to fit in with the crowd whether its gender, age, or profession. Especially when it comes to ones profession, cosmetics boost your look and self-esteem making one more presentable in meetings, interviews, or the everyday workplace. The use of cosmetics promotes people to feel better and comfortable in their own skin. MAC Cosmetics advertisements are not specifically aimed at one gender, but instead cater to men and women, regardless of race or color, promoting empowerment, diversity and strength. MAC embraces gender equality and uses its advertisements to explore and celebrate inner beautyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦defining beauty using a combination of bold, striking imagery, captivating text and iconic celebrities in their ads. As a leading cosmetic manufacturer, MAC has gained strides by successfully representing cultural equality, individuality a nd self-expression and they continue to stay on the cutting edge in the cultural movement. Although MAC often incorporates famous celebrities in their advertisements who are known for their glamorous appeal, MAC has placed less emphasis on traditional markers of beauty and femininity than many of its competitors. MACs advertising approach challenges the norm found in traditional cosmetic advertising conventions, narrowing the definitions of female beauty. As a result, MAC has successfully positioned their messaging so that it is not undermined by glamour and sex appeal, but rather focuses on beauty being found in the uniqueness of individuals promoting feeling better and comfortable in ones own skin, embracing ones own personal perception of beauty (versus mainstream societys) and challenging traditional gender role associations. MAC Cosmetics is in the business of making people feel like their best selves. Their ads empower people to embrace self-expression. Their intended audience began as primarily young women but has evolved to include men and the transgender community, specifically 18-49 years old. This age group meets the needs of their consumers in terms of gender, income, ethnic background and family circle. Through the use of celebrities in their advertisements, MAC has successfully invoked an even larger audience by reaching the fans of those well-known celebrity figures. As a leading cosmetic manufacturer, MAC has gained strides by successfully representing cultural equality, individuality and self-expression and they continue to stay on the cutting edge in the cultural movement.

Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolò Machiavel

Separating Political Conduct and Personal Morality in Niccolà ² Machiavelli's, The Prince Niccolà ² Machiavelli wrote, in his novel The Prince, that strong central political leadership was more important than anything else, including religion and moral behavior. Machiavelli, writing during a period of dramatic change known as the Italian Renaissance, displayed attitudes towards many issues, mostly political, which supported his belief that strong government was the most important element in society. These attitudes and ideas were very appropriate for the time because they stressed strong, centralized power, the only kind of leadership that seemed to be working throughout Europe, and which was the element Italy was lacking. Machiavelli understood that obtaining such a government could not be done without separating political conduct and personal morality, and suggested that the separation be made. The Prince, written to the Medici family over five hundred years ago contained many truths, so universal and accurate that they still influence politics today. To understand the writings of Niccolà ² Machiavelli, it is necessary to understand the world of Niccolà ² Machiavelli, Renaissance Italy. The region was not one nation as it is today, rather a collection of several city-states, which contained internal fighting between powerful families, fighting with each other. This era differed from the preceding middle ages in many respects, the pope's power was weakened, money controlled power instead of noble birth, and there was a revival of ancient Greek and Roman literature, architecture and art by a new breed of people, the humanists. These changes created the environment in which Machiavelli lived. He saw how the quarrelling was weakeni... ...he ideas in contained proved themselves to be very useful in the government of people. Niccolà ² Machiavelli was born into a world of drastic change, Renaissance Italy, that would cause his mind to conjure ideas about many political issues transferred into books that the entire world has profited from since. His ideas were incredibly relevant to his time, because they suggested harsh governments, the only kind of governments that seemed to be working. He proposed creating these harsh governments through a separation of personal morality and political behavior. His ideas were so relevant and so universal, that they still influence politics today. Niccolà ² Machiavelli proposed the creating of strong central government more powerful than anything else, including religion and morality. Works Cited Machiavelli, Niccolà ³. The Prince. New York: Penguin Classics, 1999.

Business Intelligence Sysco

Business Intelligence Software at SYSCO 1 Case Overview SYSCO is a large food service company in the US Distribute food and related supplies to restaurants, schools, Highly decentralized company with many operating divisions Company has BI software in divisions already Case centers on the process related to a new BI software for the entire company, how much to buy, and the implementation of the new software 2 Case Objectives What is BI software? What are the business benefits of BI software? What are the two alternatives for buying BI software at SYSCO? What are some implementation pitfalls of BI software at SYSCO?How should SYSCO judge the success of its BI software implementation? Is BI likely to provide SYSCO with a competitive advantage? Sustained competitive advantage? 3 What is BI Software? What is BI software? Statistical analysis Data mining Ad hoc queries Other features Why did SYSCO need/want it? Make better use of available information Understand their customers better Pos sible competitive advantage? 4 What is BI Software? (cont. ) What kind of companies benefit from BI software? In general, large and small Don’t have to buy everything Appropriate IT infrastructure is crucial, however BI Alternatives at SYSCO Buy minimum to address specific, current business needs? Buy more than the minimum up front to take advantage of price discounts? Which approach do you recommend? 6 Analysis of Alternatives Advantages and disadvantages – buy all now Save money by buying everything now Most likely will need modules in the long run Integration could be easier sooner than later Business need not identified Time frames unclear Greater risk due to the operating companies’ resistance and having to pay for something unknown and unneeded as of now Other things Analysis of Alternatives (cont. ) Other advantages and disadvantages Identification of two questions up front presents a clear business case Dealing with these questions satisfactorily will de monstrate SW capabilities to users Users may naturally ask for â€Å"what else can BI software do? † 8 Implementation Issues What are the main challenges to implementation? Necessary interfaces to corporate data sources Operating companies may resist cost assessments Operating companies already have some BI software already 9 Implementation Issues (cont. Could SYSCO have made it optional for operating companies to participate? Is Business Objects’ approach to support a positive? If so, could it be used to mitigate possible negative feelings from among the operating companies? Does SYSCO seem to have the appropriate infrastructure in place? From the operating companies’ perspective? 10 Judge Success with BI Software Parts of judging success somewhat easy, some not Number of sites with BI installed Number of training sessions completed Subjective assessments, e. g. satisfaction, attitude Nature of participation in design process Type and amount of use of BI softwa re If sales and customer retention rates go up, is this because of BI, another development within SYSCO, or something else? 10 patents for Business Objects as of April 2007 Nature of support provided by Business Objects Use of support by operating companies 11 BI and Competitive Advantage Can IT provide a competitive advantage? Can BI provide a competitive advantage? Can BI provide a sustained competitive advantage? Can SYSCO’s competition do the same thing? 12

ACT

Is Online Tutoring As Good As In-Person Tutoring For The SAT/ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You know you want tutoring...but what kind of tutoring should you go for? How can you really figure out if online tutoring is as good as in-person tutoring? You asked for it, you got it: a side-by-side comparison of online tutoring and in-person tutoring. And by side-by-side, I mean listed vertically, one after the other. I’ll go into where each method excels†¦and where each method falls short.

Are all instincts random and arbitrary

Are all instincts random and arbitrary Human instincts are the innate characteristics that determine specific behaviors while instincts are innate abilities of human beings or animals, which enable them to adapt to diverse and changing environmental conditions for survival purposes. Human beings or animals respond to unique environments depending on the instincts that direct them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Are all instincts random and arbitrary? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, when a baby is born, the instinctive responses are crying and sucking, which enable the baby to attract attention of the mother and satisfy hunger respectively. In animals, young ones of birds display instinctive behavior of flying without prior experience. These instinctive behaviors emanate from innate characteristics. Since instincts are innate and specific to certain characteristic behaviors, not all of them are random and arbitrary. Although environment modi fies some instinctive behaviors, others emanate exclusively from the innate characteristics. According to nativists, â€Å"all aspects of human behavior are instinctive and humans have inbuilt instinctive behaviors that are genetically determined †¦ we are born with certain core capabilities and knowledge that provide the basic the basic structure of learning† (Spink 2). Genes are responsible for the specific instincts that are unique to human beings or animals. Within species, instincts are similar due to the similarity of genetic information. On the other hand, species’ variability of instincts occurs due to the diversity of genetic information. Since instincts are innate and specific to certain characteristics, they can never be random and arbitrary because the genetic information dictates them. The genetic makeup defines specific instincts relative to their application in nature. Human beings portray instinctive behaviors that are not arbitrary. For instance, all babies have instinctive behavior of suckling in order to satisfy their hunger. Spink argues that, â€Å"babies engage in sucking behavior that generally emerges unprompted, although some babies have problems with sucking, it is an innate or instinctive behavior† (1). This shows that sucking is a natural instinct, not arbitrary, because all babies have the innate ability of doing it. If the ability of the babies to breastfeed were a random instinct, then, some babies would be unable to breastfeed while others would learn in order to breastfeed properly. Therefore, the ability of babies to breastfeed instinctively and in a uniform manner means that instincts are specific rather than random in controlling human behaviors.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Language development in human beings is instinctive because children can develop it without learning. An informati on behavior is an instinctive process of language development. According to Spink, â€Å"†¦it is a cognitive process that is not taught, but is innate to humans as people are able to consciously understand that they need to undertake behavior processes of information finding, organizing, and using to make sense of their environment (2). Therefore, language development can never be an arbitrary process since human beings use rational and logical minds to understand their environment and to generate information. Animals also depict that, instincts link intricately with the innate characteristic behaviors. For example, all birds have instinctive ability to fly due to innate characteristics of their genes. A young bird begins to fly when wings’ muscles mature while the instincts drive the bird to fly. If the instincts were random and arbitrary, some birds would not be flying while others would have unique abilities such as walking instead of flying. Therefore, not all insti ncts are random and arbitrary because they are innate and specific in their functions. Spink, Amanda. â€Å"Instinct Versus Environment.† Springer Journal of information  Behavior 11.85. (2010): 1-10.

Eassay Analysis (human resources) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eassay Analysis (human resources) - Essay Example It guarantees equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, State and local government services, and telecommunications†¦ Persons with HIV disease, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, have physical impairments that substantially limit one or more major life activities and are, therefore, protected by the law. â€Å"(1) A. The act of Marion County in requiring an applicant be medically examined prior to any offer of a job is illegal. In a decided case it was ruled that the â€Å"Chicago Board of Educations requirement for any job applicant to provide a complete medical history and to submit to a medical examination is tantamount to requiring HIV status disclosure and is thus violative of the Disabilities Act (ADA), the Rehabilitation Act, and Federal and State constitutional guarantees to privacy and equal protection under the law.†(3) Thus the â€Å"Board agreed not require applicants to submit to the medical exam unless they have a conditional offer of employment.† (4) B. The act of denying Mr. Poole employment on account that he has AIDS. This allegation by Mr. Poole must first be proven. For him to find a basis for his allegation he must be found to possess all of the following: The ADA prohibits employment discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities. A "qualified individual with a disability" is a person who meets legitimate skill, experience, education, or other requirements of an employment position he or she holds or seeks, and who can perform the "essential functions" of the position with or without reasonable accommodation. (5) Essential functions of the job are those core duties that are the reason the job position exists†¦Requiring the ability to perform "essential" functions assures that an individual with a disability will not be considered unqualified because

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Essay Example The seven wastes include motion; transportation; waiting time; overproduction; inventory; processing time; and defects. Other common wastes are energy; untapped human resources; and by-products. Motion and transport are related to layout; organisation; and engineering. Waste arises as motion and transport does not always result in useful work. In the current case study, motion and transportation includes rearrangement of storage areas that are temporary before and after manufacture or product components; and movement associated with searching fixtures, jigs, tools, equipment, materials, etc. Movement allows an opportunity for product damage during handling and movement; poor space utilisation – large distances between stages or large gangways or storage areas; higher labour cost from low productivity; large batches waiting for transport – large inventories, long leadtimes, low responsiveness. Waiting time, overproduction and inventory are related to scheduling; setups; communication; quality; skills; reward systems; breakdowns; and layout. Waiting time could be caused by material; machine; or labour. Lack of material could be caused by scrap; breakdown; poor schedule; or poor supplier. Machine unavailability could be caused by breakdown; setups; large batches; or unavailability of tools, jigs, fixtures, etc. Skills shortage, absenteeism, or operating or supervising more than one machine could cause skill shortage. Overproduction could be a case of too much or too early. Too much is when there is more production than needed. This could be caused by setups that are long, improper scheduling for EOQ, or inadequate design of processes. Too early includes production earlier than required. This could be caused by lack of machine capability, subcontracting of operations, long in-process delays, or long leadtimes. Overproduction could also be caused by unbalanced material flow; cushion storage; safety storage; and lot delays.

Leadership essence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership essence - Essay Example The trait theory postulates that leaders are born rather than made. It emphasizes nature over nurture. Most research on trait theory is coalesced around the qualities of distinguished leaders compared to non-leaders or followers. Trait approach focuses on the type of people that become leaders, and this process provides organizations with information on the qualities to look for when selecting leaders for different positions of leadership (Conger& Riggio, 2012, pp. 12). Style approach focuses on the behavior of leaders rather than personal traits of leaders. Style approach posits that since a leaders behavior can be changed, and; therefore, there is need to train leaders on the right leadership qualities. Stogdill et al worked on leadership style with a focus on consideration and initiating structure and define them two styles as follows: The consideration style is where leaders show concern for their subordinates so as to earn their trust and, as a result, improve response and promote camaraderie (Conger& Riggio, 2012, pp.14). Initiating structure is a style where leaders define closely and clearly their expectations of subordinates in accomplishment of designated schedules. Some researchers have suggested that a combination of both consideration and initiating structure was the best leadership style. Korman in his study observed that the two styles were plagued by inconsistent results. He suggested that the effectiveness of the two types of leadership behavior was situation wise contingent; that is, what worked well in some situations failed in others (Gill 2012, pp. 63). Proponents of the contingency approach emphasize on the situational factors when defining leadership. They tend to specify situational variables that moderate the effectiveness of different leadership approaches. The most prominent exemplar of the contingency approach is Fiedler’s

Barriers to Communication Essay Example for Free

Barriers to Communication Essay Organisational communication relates to the way organisations adapt themselves to changing environments, externally and internally. The focus is on interaction with stakeholders and within the organisation and with co-workers. In these interactions different perceptions (in meanings and interests) must be dealt with to create common ground. Barriers to communication refers to any kind or form of communication impediment within an organization such as noise, bureaucracy and semantic differences. The organisation that I used to work for is SIRDC and it is primarily involved in scientific research and innovation. It is located around 15kilometres away from town in the Hatcliffe Extension area. The barriers to communication in the organisation include the following: Semantic barriers Did you hear what I meant for you to hear? This has been a frequent statement in the boardrooms! With todays increasingly diverse workforce, it is easy to believe you have conveyed information to someone, but you are not aware that they interpreted you differently than you intended. Unfortunately, you wont be aware of this problem until a major problem or issue arises out of the confusion. This usually arises due to the interpretation of different words. Due to the diverse educational and cultural backgrounds [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=backgrounds%3Bv=56] in my organisation, semantics acts as a hindrance to effective communication as people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people%3Bv=56] would argue that we agreed to pursue another option in the last meeting when it was not the case. This is usually prevalent when the business [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=business%3Bv=56] people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people%3Bv=56] in the organisation are discussing issues with the scientists on the viability of their innovations. The organisation has chemists, engineers, marketing [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=marketing%3Bv=56] personnel, financial analysts, nutritionists, electricians, biotechnologists among many  others. Bureaucracy When organizations are just getting started, their leaders can often prize themselves on not being burdened with what seems as bureaucratic overhead, that is, as extensive written policies and procedures. Writing [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=Writing%3Bv=56] something down can be seen as a sign of bureaucracy and to be avoided. As the organization grows, it needs more communications and feedback to remain healthy, but this communication is not valued. As a result, increasing confusion ensues unless management [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management%3Bv=56] matures and realizes the need for increased, reliable communications. This was the case when the department that I was under was at its infancy level and this was done to have confidence of other institutes within the organisation, since our department was mainly support in nature. Organisational Structure However, at the organizational level, authority tends to be centralised at the top and this usually results in information taking too long to reach all the employees. The Director-General has the final say in the all the organizational decision making process. The Public relations department is responsible for all the organizational communication even on technical aspects unless the technical people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people%3Bv=56] are given the authority to talk to the media. Assumed Knowledge If I know it, then everyone must know it. Perhaps the most common communications problem is managements (leaders and managers) assumption that because they are aware of some piece of information, than everyone else is, too. Usually staff are not aware unless management  [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management%3Bv=56] makes a deliberate attempt to carefully convey information. This has been the case especially on the technical fields where the managers think that every employee is aware of the basics in the related field. Sometimes, employees will be scared to ask because the boss has already assumed that everyone knows the principles. The result is that the job [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=job%3Bv=56] is not done properly and incompetence is labeled to the subordinates. Information Ownership Some people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people%3Bv=56] within the organisation would not want to share information with others and this has been termed HITES Holding Information To Enhance Status. This is usually the case in fields such as information technology (IT) where a person is solely employed because of the knowledge of a particular program. If he is to teach others the he loses his expert power and negotiating power within the organisation. Such group of people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people%3Bv=56] can make the organisation be at ransom if their demands are not met. Ethnocentricity This is mainly to do with judging people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people%3Bv=56] according to ones culture and thinking. This is a result of diverse cultures and different levels of education [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=education%3Bv=56] within the organisation. Camps within an organization Camps are usually created based on political persuasion, religious beliefs, as well as on tribal grounds. Since my organization is a parastatal and it is in the Presidents Office  [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=Office%3Bv=56], it is expected that within the organization we should be pro-government. However, some people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people%3Bv=56] are known to support other parties, so communication tends to be hindered as one is not so sure how to respond to certain issues raised. Tribal issues tend to hinder communication in my organization as some people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people%3Bv=56] feel one tribe is getting the attention of the senior executive in the organization. This has been further worsened in the recruitment exercise for senior posts. Managers failure to recognize the efforts of subordinates If I need your opinion, I will tell it to you. Communications problems can arise when management [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management%3Bv=56] simply sees no value whatsoever in communicating with subordinates, believing subordinates should shut up and do their jobs [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=jobs%3Bv=56] as assigned. This kind of attitude discourages the subordinates and might force them to just leave the mistakes that their superior has done which might be detrimental to the organizational objectives and goals. The attitude of I know everything has retarded the learning [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=learning%3Bv=56] process in the organization. Inexperienced managers are usually the culprits in this regard as they find no need to communicate with subordinates. So whats to talk about? Communications problems can arise when inexperienced management [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management%3Bv=56] interprets its job [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=job%3Bv=56] to be solving problems and if they are no problems/crises, then there is nothing that needs to be communicated. Conclusion Effective internal communications start with effective skills in communications, including basic skills in listening, speaking, questioning  and sharing feedback These can developed with some concerted review and practice. Perhaps the most important outcome from these skills is conveying that you value hearing from others and their hearing from you. Sound meeting management [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management%3Bv=56] skills go a long way toward ensuring effective communications, too. A key ingredient to developing effective communications in any organization is each person taking responsibility to assert when they dont understand a communication or to suggest when and how someone could communicate more effectively.

Letter :: essays research papers

Legislator Donald Trotta Dear Donald Trotta   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My name is Jeffrey Magloire and I am a current matriculating student at Sullivan County Community College I have a couple of issues that I wanted to bring forward to your attention. As you may or may not know Sullivan County Community College has just constructed a new dormitory for incoming students. This Dormitory has opened up doors to many students that could not handle the commute to and from school. Although the dormitory has been an advantage to students traveling; the students have been living in poor condition for the last five weeks. The first problem occurred the day we walked in. The students were put into rooms where the paint smell was still resident and was the cause of two asthma attacks. We still have not received camera’s which would have been no problem if they had more than two security guards for each shift in our 350 capacity student dorm. I have read the contract that was handed to me and the dormitory has violated many promises made on that contract. The first violation has made many students drop out of school and go home and miss one semester of school. The Dormitory Corporation promised us daily maintenance on all of our bathrooms but the maintenance workers come only three times a week which has raised hazardous fumes coming from the bathroom and also the bathroom utensils are not available to students frequently which has deferred the students from having proper hygiene. The roof fire alarm has not been turned off due to the shortness of security officers and the alarm goes off every night due to loitering. They also promised that we will have telephone service which has not been honored and most of students have no way of contacting their friends and family. The School has one phone line and that one phone line is occupied by resident assistant, resident managers, security and is also the phone that security uses to contact the fire department in case of emergency.

The Poetry of Emily Dickinson :: Emily Dickinson Essays

There are several important and interesting authors in the American Literature history to talk about in this paper. However, Emily Elizabeth Dickinson is one of the most fascinating authors that generates admiration by reading her life and poems. Even tough her poems were not completed and written on scraps of paper, she is considered one of the great geniuses of nineteenth-century American poetry. The main reason of this reputation is based on the fact that her poems are innovative. Her poetry is different because she uses different literacy aspects from her contemporary writers. Aspects such as her family, friends, social issues, love, death, education and, in general, her personality had a tremendous impact in her writing. Eventually, these aspects were visualized when her poetry was published, and editors took it upon themselves to group them into categories of Friends, Nature, Love and Death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830 in the quiet community of Amherst, Massachusetts. Emily Dickinson was raised in a quiet, reserved family. Her father was a very authoritative person and her mother was not emotionally accessible. Her parent’s personality was probably the main reason of Emily’s eccentricity. Emily was raised in the Christian tradition, and she was expected to take up their father’s religious beliefs and values without argument. However, later, her poems illustrate how Emily challenges these conventional religious points of view of her father and the church, and how this new perspective contributes in the way and strength of her poetry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Knowing that her family was well known in the area for its educational and political activity and before Emily started writing poetry, it is important to emphasize that Emily was a proper educated individual. She attended the Amherst Academy. After her time at the Academy, Emily left for the South Hadley Female Seminary but severe homesickness led her to return home after one year. This was basically the beginning of Dickinson’s life of solitude. This solitude could lead her to focus on her world and to start writing her first conventional style poems. Some years later, she started building her particular style in which she introduces different literacy characteristics to her poems making her a unique writer. Dickinson’s works have had considerable influence on contemporary and modern poetry. She used certain characteristics that made her style unique. Sporadic capitalization, dashes, unconventional metaphors, off-rhymes and broken meter are some of the most frequent aspects Dickinson used.

Wicked Angel by Taylor Caldwell

Wicked Angel by Taylor Caldwell is a suspenseful and intriguing magnum opus beginning from the very first page; there are no dull moments in the Saint household. Caldwell has a brilliant gift for the creation of characters, as all the characters were so full of life. Angelo Saint was described as the prototypical psychopath that is, â€Å"born without a soul†. An overindulged only child, Angelo has his devoted mother wrapped around his fingers while his more practical father Mark, looks with horrified wonder from the sidelines.Angelo intensely detests his maternal Aunt Alice, who recognizes his social disorder from the start. At the opening of the story, Angelo, then 4, expresses deep rage at Alice and this rage manifested in bouts of wetting accidents. He then attacks Alice by smashing the contents of her purse; he destroys her sunglasses; used her handkerchief as toilet paper and flush some of her money down the toilet. His loving, but foolish mother Katherine condones his a ctions by insisting it was just a childish prank.Mark, however, punishes Angelo. Over the years, Angelo’s cruelties become more subtle and clever. At 6, he discreetly kills a pet dog, which Alice discovers when she visits her sister’s family at their summer place in 1959; he frightens away the birds and woodland creatures, viewing them as â€Å"weak enemies†, and he nearly kills Alice by pushing her over a cliff. Luckily, she is saved, but does not testify against her nephew.Angelo is described as physically large for his age, stunning in appearance and mentally gifted. At 10, he nearly poisons a housekeeper because she senses he is not the â€Å"Angel Saint†, as Katherine calls him; he hounds a classmate out of his prestigious prep school; he pit people against one another and broke a teacher’s arm â€Å"accidentally† during a school football game. He uses charm to get out of every difficulty and has all, but these few, whom he has hurt, fo oled.When Katherine becomes pregnant with a second child in 1963, she senses it is wise not to tell Angelo. He pesters her for information about why she is going to the doctor and once he discovers the secret, kills the unborn child, Katherine, and later perishes. Even his death is bizarre – he trips down a flight of steps, only to land his head on the marble floor below. Katherine dies in the hospital, confiding to Alice that she really knew what an evil son she truly had.

A Change to Scared

A Change to Scared Introduction The rate at which criminal activities happen around the world is alarming. While majority associate these activities with adult men and women, it is surprising to realize the share of the crimes that are committed by children. In most instances, people assume that children are not involved criminal activities.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on A Change to Scared-Straight Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore worth noting the depth of Schmalleger’s report on children and crime. In fact, Schemalleger’s report of 2008 revealed that about 10% of the 99,794 juvenile arrests were of children of 12 years and below (2011, p. 542). An approximately 17% of all the arrests made in the United States every year comprised juveniles. In addition, juveniles are responsible for about 16% aggressive felony acts and about 26% property crimes in the United States. Since children form less than a third of the population, their percentage involvement in crime is disproportional (542). This argument indicates that the prevalence of criminal activities resulting from juveniles has been assumed in the world. The percentages revealed by such studies like that of Schmalleger are enough to prove that children’s involvement in criminal acts is alarming. In fact, this trend has been increasing over the years especially in the United States. Therefore, the rising trends of criminal acts by children have made it necessary for advocates and law makers to develop ways of reducing incidences of crimes committed by juveniles. They introduced the scared-straight programs as mechanisms of fighting felony acts by children. Whether they are effective or not has been a subject of discussion. As the paper reveals, removing some aspects such as confrontation and maintaining contact and support to the offenders and their families over an extended period can make the programs effectiv e. However, the share that this strategy can have is insignificant in relation to the weight of the cons of the program, which make it ineffective. Sacred-straight Programs are not Effective Scared-straight programs cannot be effective by themselves alone because juvenile crimes continue to rise even after great efforts by the government of the United States to enact legislations to promote it over the years. For instance, in the United States, several acts promoted the establishment of juvenile courts in a bid to separate children in crimes from mature adults. A good example of such a move that has never born any fruits is the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899. This Act initiated a system of juvenile courts in the state of Illinois. Through the same Act, all juveniles in crimes were to be regarded as delinquents. Because of this Act, judges of the juvenile courts were advised to keep focus on the interest of the children in crimes than on their criminal act (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 546). In fact, no juvenile offender would be regarded as a criminal in such courts. Judges were to regard them as delinquents. This strategy is one of the grounds that made scare-straight programs unsuccessful.Advertising Looking for proposal on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The second effort by the program was to eliminate the guilt of crime from the delinquents in a bid to promote reformation. The move made many juvenile criminals feel pampered to continue with their criminal activities even after being taken through the court process. They would never be remorseful about their acts. In 1938, the federal government of the United States passed another law: the Juvenile Court Act. This Act had many attributes and incorporations of the previous Illinois Act (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 547), which was followed by concerted efforts by the federal government to ensure that, within the next eight years, the sta tes in America had established legislations on juvenile offenders and their treatment in courts of law (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 547). However, these efforts were not fruitful. There were certain principals that the juvenile courts were to follow as the guidelines. Such principles included the assumption that the state was the ultimate parent to every child. The state should use non punitive measures to save children since it was worthwhile to do so. Every state was to nurture children and protect them from formal judicial procedure’s effects by individualizing the process of justice to recognize that every child is different by aspirations, living conditions, and needs. In addition, states were to be guided by the principle of non criminal procedures when adjudicating juvenile cases (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 547). Each state had to consider these factors in handling juvenile cases. All these efforts flopped. In fact, by 1980s, the rate of juvenile crimes rose to a higher scale (Da mmer Albanese, 2011, p. 264: Nissen, 2011, Para. 3: Schembri, n.d, p. 1), which was an indication that the program was not as effective as it was meant to be. In fact, it had worked against the federal and the state judicial systems. These alarming trends in juvenile crimes caused another shift in the way legislators and legal advocate perceived juvenile crimes (264). The legal procedures that followed when dealing with juvenile offenders were to be tightened. It was also clear that the major cause of failure in the first efforts to minimize juvenile crimes failed because it was skewed towards the welfare of the child than the actual crime committed. This strategy would never deter future juvenile offenders. In fact, it promoted a second crime act by many offenders who had gone through the trial system. This issue made policy makers move to becoming tough in a bid to lower juvenile crimes and or to reduce the impact of violence on the juveniles (Schmalleger, 2011, p. 547).Advertisi ng We will write a custom proposal sample on A Change to Scared-Straight Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The major goal of implementing these legal principles was to ensure that all children offenders were rehabilitated using non-punitive measures. The general assumption was that reaching juvenile offenders when they are young enough in their criminal acts would deter their behavior (Klenowski, Bell, Dodson, 2010, p. 256) upon claiming that denial of reinforcement of behavior culminates in demonization. When behavior is not reinforced, it is likely not to be manifested in the future. Government officials shifted their attention from the legal process to prisons. The federal government focused attention to assist the juvenile offenders to awareness through prison visits. The major focus here was to deter criminals from committing criminal acts before the actual act was committed. The deterrence theory posits that strict det errence of a certain behavior at an early stage may prevent the repetition of such a behavior. In 1979, juvenile awareness programs gained publicity when Scare Straight documentary was aired after winning the Oscar awards (Klenowski, Bell, Dodson, 2010, p. 257). This documentary emphasized the real meaning of juvenile programs thereby earning both local and international interest from the public. This program achieved between 80% and 90% success in deterring crimes commitment especially in the future dates. For example, in this program, juveniles would be taken to Rahway maximum security prison. Here, the inmates of this prison would narrate to the juveniles some stories of sex abuse, violence, and body abuse that they went through in prison. This strategy would portray life behind bars as unbearable. With such encounters, the juveniles would fear and feel scared about life in prison hence deterring them from committing criminal offences. When other nations learnt about the success of straight scare program in New Jersey, they also adopted the program (Klenowski, Bell, Dodson, 2010, p. 257). Juveniles would therefore have routine visits to the prison. They would also be allowed to interact and watch what happens in prisons ranging from confrontations and fighting among inmates, life in a locked cell, and meal sessions. The scare-straight program was not successful as proven by reports that came from the program officials (Klenowski, Bell, Dodson, 2010, p. 258). For example, the reports revealed that the program was a flop since criminal acts committed by juveniles that had gone through the program increased by 30%. Juveniles who went through the full scare-straight program committed new crimes just six months from the date of finishing the program (Klenowski, Bell, Dodson, 2010, p. 258). Perhaps, the stories narrated to them by the inmates encouraged them to be hardy in their pursuit to perfect their criminal acts. For instance, 40% of the boys in the prog ram committed other criminal offences before the lapse of six months after the training. This was way above 10% crime rate manifested when other programs were used (Harvard Mental Health Letter). It can therefore be argued that straight scare programs are not successful in deterring juveniles from committing crimes.Advertising Looking for proposal on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other programs indicate better results hence they are definitely better. It was also proved through various studies that the Scare straight program was not successful. For instance, the Harvard Medical Health Letter made a move to prove this point by evaluating nine studies in eight states in the United States. This survey took about 25 years. Researchers in this study revisited follow-ups programs, which ranged from three months to two years. The study also revisited the issue of whether the juveniles were later on arrested, ever convicted, or had negative contact with the police since they left the program. According to the analysis of this report, the scare-straight program was not effective. In fact, the report indicated that there was no difference in the life of the juvenile offender. Other reports on scare-straight programs have indicated that the difference that could be realized favored the children who never undergone it. From these researches, a clear contradiction came o ut. For example, the government officials were for the idea that the only effective way to deter a criminal is by imprisonment and to get very tough. Use of scare-straight programs would just make worse the criminal acts rather than deterring them (Klenowski, Bell, Dodson, 2010, p. 255: Lockwood, Harris, Mengers, 2009, p.1). According to (Petrosino, 2003, p. 13), scare-straight programs enhanced juveniles and inmates’ appetite to commit crimes. Criminals believe that they are achievers on the negative side. They believe that they are the best gangsters, rapists, and top in other crimes. To them, that strategy defines how they made their name in their states. Juveniles will therefore learn tactics of committing crimes as the inmates narrate their stories to them. This case portrays the inmates as role models to the upcoming juveniles (Klenowski, Bell, Dodson, 2010, p. 255). The way the juveniles were treated in the camps also led to the failure of the scare-straight program . In most instances, the juveniles were treated like children: with respect, tenderness, and love, which made them even worse. It is also worth noting that, in most instances that the juveniles had to encounter the inmates, it could only take an hour or a few hours, which limited the amount of time that the juveniles were exposed to the inmates to have a notable impact at the end of the program (Klenowski, Bell, Dodson, 2010, p. 268). According to the meta-analysis, scared–straight program did not deter crimes: increased them from 60% to 70%. In addition, it is also worth noting that, before a juvenile is classified as a criminal, his or her behavior is at its peak. This argument means that simple acts of deterring it may not work. In the same way, efforts to use the scare-straight method may not help such a person. Opposing Views to Scare-Straight Program According to Kelnowski, Bell, and Dodson, the use of confrontational methods in deterring crimes may not yield positive results (2010, p. 255). In fact, they assert that the societal need to reduce crime by juvenile offenders can only come through the implementation of non-confrontational methods of deterrence. It is quite open now that methods that promote intimidation, confrontation, and fear do not work and have not worked in the past (Petrosino, 2003, p. 13). It is therefore clear that, if there will be a success in tackling the problem of juvenile crimes, it will have to be done through scare-straight programs. The society can also use educational programs, family programs, community-based programs, reentry programs, and youth recreation. These methods are likely to succeed because they offer ongoing oversight to rehabilitate delinquent behavior (Mulvey, 2011, p. 3). Researchers have shown that incarceration of the juvenile offenders does not offer any difference in doing the offence again in the future. Various research studies that follow the juvenile offenders after life in prison indicate th at the rate of committing another crime has been about 66% second arrest and 33% second convictions (Sells, Sullivan, DeVore, 2012, p. 40). Applying scare-straight program facilitates reformation of the offender so that he or she lives a crime-free life to become a respectable citizen (Sells, Sullivan, DeVore, 2012, p. 40) hence offering an opportunity to engage juvenile offenders into activities and relationships with good role models (Peters Myrick, 2010, p. 33). Scare-straight programs offer an opportunity for the delinquent offenders to work, go to school, or continue with other productive activities hence reducing their attraction to committing another crime (Mulvey, 2011, p. 2). This provision is very necessary because researches indicate that most of the children that become delinquent are brought up by uneducated parents and neighborhoods (Mathur and Schoenfeld, 2010, p. 21-22). This predisposes juvenile offenders to abuse, poor attitude to academics, and drug abuse. My O pinion In my opinion, the scare-straight program was a good program to use in deterring juvenile offenders. However, the implementation procedure was the cause of its failure. It is worth noting that the program has failed due to poor control and implementation strategies. One cannot expect that, when mature inmates are left to narrate a story on their criminal past and the atrocities of prison, they will do it in a positive light. In most instances, the criminals would want to involve juveniles into becoming people of their caliber. They would show them how to become famous through crimes by indicating that theirs was only an accident that led to their arrest. Such moves would not deter criminal activities by the juveniles: they would in fact promote them. The will of the inmates to guide and counsel the juveniles is also questionable since the juveniles that were exposed to the scare-straight programs became either worse or had no positive attributes. The use of involvement method s like discussions, open forums, and family therapy can be very effective because there is no exposure of the juvenile offender to criminals. In fact, using discussions helps the offender to understand that there are people who care about them. The program also ensures that the juvenile offender is not completely separated from his or her immediate family members and the environment. This provision will enable him or her to open up to those who are close to him or her. The understanding here is that the offender is still part of the society, and he or she cannot be neglected because of his or her past atrocities. It is also a positive message that the society is ready if the victims change their behavior. On the other hand, the use of scare–straight method may end up encouraging delinquency since the juvenile offender is put in a point where he or she can interact with other criminals like him and even the senior criminals in maximum prisons. This case exposes him or her to m ore dangerous role models as they continue narrating their ordeals. It is also worth noting that, when criminals interact, the juvenile offenders are made to view their crimes as the least that one can commit thus making them not remorseful about the crimes they commit since they have met other people who committed worse crimes. Therefore, the scare-straight method of deterring crime is not effective. In fact, it may lead to hardening of juveniles who would have been reformed if the appropriate alternative method was applied. Conclusion In conclusion, the scare-straight program of deterring juvenile offenders is not effective compared to other programs because, as it has been discussed above, various researches have indicated that the juveniles that undergo these programs remain the same, grow worse, or are worse than those juveniles who did not undergo the program. Instead of exposing the juveniles to hardened criminals in maximum prisons for guidance in the name of scaring them, i t would be better to use interactive methods. Such methods like family therapy and discussions may yield better results since the juveniles would be more ready to open up and share their worries. Such methods are also more involving. Juveniles feel that the society is still ready to accept them back when they reform. This provision may completely deter their will to commit a crime again. Reference List Dammer, R., Albanese, J. (2011). Comparative Criminal Justice Systems. Belmont: Wadsworth. Klenowski, M., Bell, K., Dodson, K. (2010). An Empirical Evaluation Of Juvenile Awareness Programs In The United States: Can Juveniles Be â€Å"Scare Straight†?  Journal Of Offender Rehabilitation, 49(4), 254-272. Lockwood, B., Harris, W., Mengers, L. (2009). A CJCA White paper: Defining and  Measuring Recidivism. London: Routledge. Mathur, R., Schoenfeld, N. (2010). Effective Instructional Practices In Juvenile Justice Facilities. Behavioral Disorders, 36(1), 20-27. Mulvey, E. (2 011). Highlights From Pathway to Desistance: A Longitudinal Study of  Serious Adolescent Offenders. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Nissen, L. (2011). Beyond Scare-Straight-Moving to Programs that Actually Work. Web. Peters, C., Myrick, S. (2010). Juvenile Recidivism-measuring success or Failure: Is there a difference? Corrections Today, 73(1), 32-43. Petrosino, A. (2002). Scared Straight and Other Juvenile Awareness Programs for  Preventing Juvenile Delinquency. Campbell: The Campbell Collaboration. Schembri, A. (n.d). Scared Straight Programs: Jail and Detention Tours. Web. Schmalleger, F. (2011). Criminal Justice Today: An introductory Text for The 21st  Century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Sells, S., Sullivan, I., DeVore, D. (2012). Stopping The Madness: A new Reentry System For Juvenile Corrections. Corrections Today, 74(2), 40-45.